reddit

What is Reddit?

Reddit may be unfamiliar to you as a social media website. The main home page of Reddit is an accumulation of the most liked and commented posts from a given time period. You can filter and sort by time, or display a feed of what the most recent posts are.

Posts on Reddit are made to specific pages where users can posts about a dedicated topic. This pages are called subreddits. Subreddits exist for a wide range of different topics including landscape photography, hiking. These subreddits have different posting rules, for example some only allows image posts, while others only allow textual posts. Lets take a second to explore Reddit.

First, lets take a look at “r/EarthPorn”. Now, don’t be fooled by the name EarthPorn is not adult content but a collection of professional quality photographs of landscapes.There is also an armature level equivalent call “r/AmatureEarthPorn”. EarthPorn has strict criteria for what can be posted. Only landscape images acompanied by the title of the images location are allowed. Other subreddits have more relaxed rules and allow posts of all kind, as long as they are on topic. One aspect of Reddit that is advantageous over Flickr, is the discusive nature of comments. The posts can have

Though data from Reddit has been used in a wide range of research disciplines such as political sciences, health sciences and technological development, it has not yet been widely explored for environmental sciences. We however believe that there is a great opportunity for a wide range of environmental applications as explored in this paper

Searching Reddit

As with searching for Flickr photographs, the photosearcher package provides functionality to search Reddit for data. Please note that this function has just been developed for public use and has not been as robustly tested as the Flickr search, so if we get some unexpected errors please do not worry! We will also load some other packages that provide some nice functionality for accessing Reddit data.

library(pacman)
p_load_gh("ropensci/photosearcher")
p_load("dplyr")

Lets start by searching for posts associated with a specific term. For example, lets find all the posts associated with the word waterfall. The function is set up similar to the photo_search() function so we need to supply a start and end date. As Reddit has a massive database of posts lets quickly search for just one week. Reddit does allow for adult content, or not safe for work posts (NSFW), so to ensure these are removed we can select only posts that are not labeled as over_18.

reddit_data <- reddit_search(search_term = "waterfall",
                             start_date = "2022-01-01",
                             end_date = "2022-01-08") %>% 
  subset(over_18 == "FALSE") #remove over 18 content

## ================================================================================

#inspect data
head(reddit_data)[-1] #the -1 is to hide the authors names

##   created_utc
## 1  1641014013
## 2  1641014014
## 3  1641016424
## 4  1641018505
## 5  1641018796
## 6  1641019544
##                                                                               title
## 1         [#778|+1321|72] Getting too close to the edge of a waterfall [r/nononono]
## 2 [#73|+15148|733] Getting too close to the edge of a waterfall [r/WinStupidPrizes]
## 3                                                                   New to the game
## 4                                                Help beating Elite 4 and Champion?
## 5                             Navbar collapse menu not responding (Bootstrap 5.1.3)
## 6                                                      Add Waterfalls To Minecraft.
##                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         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## 1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
## 2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
## 3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      And I wanted to shout out the deino who spared my little tenos life when I fell down a waterfall and couldn’t get out. When I fell I saw the deino swimming behind me and I panicked thinking I was done for. Eventually they swam ahead of me and thought maybe they’re trying to help since they hadn’t killed me yet. I followed them down the river, saw them turn onto land and I was able to get out finally! Gave them a friendly teno thank you and went on my way. \n\nThis happened last week when I first bought the game, but I think of it a lot. Loving this game so far, and have had both good and bad experiences, but mainly good ones! \n\nThank you!
## 4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Hey everyone, I could use some help.  I've gone up against the Elite 4 and Cynthia twice now, and Cynthia stops me in my tracks with her Lucario.  Can someone tell me what I'm doing wrong?  Here's my current team:\n\nGyarados lvl 59\nRelaxed\nCrunch\nIce Fang\nDragon Dance\nWaterfall\n\nJirachi lvl 60\nLonely\nWise Glasses\nPsychic\nWish\nDazzling Gleam\nMeteor Mash\n\nGarchomp lvl 61\nSassy\nLeftovers\nEarthquake\nCrunch\nBulldoze\nDragon Pulse\n\nRoserade lvl 64\nLax\nShell Bell\nPetal Blizzard\nGiga Drain\nShadow Ball\nSludge Bomb\n\nInfernape lvl 66\nMild\nFlame Wheel\nPower-Up Punch\nAcrobatics\nClose Combat\n\nLuxray lvl 67\nSerious\nCrunch\nThunder Wave\nSpark\nDischarge\n\nNone of these pokemon have been bred, which I realize now is probably a big part of the problem as their natures really line up with their roles on the team.  I have unlocked the National Pokedex, so I'm gonna start hunting for Ditto in order to start breeding.  I also read an article earlier that gave a recommended team to successfully beat Cynthia, but I can't find it now.  I do remember that Lucario was on the list, but I just barely hatched the Riolu before my first E4 attempt.  Do yall have any suggestions as to best team with Infernape as your starter?\n\nThanks for taking the time to read this, and thanks in advance for any help and suggestions!
## 5 Hey all, I'm currently taking a Udemy course and have exhausted myself trying to figure out why the collapse menu won't respond. I tried to use the separate JS lines on [getbootstrap.com](https://getbootstrap.com) as well as the bundle and no luck with either method. I've tried placing the </script> tag at the end right before the </body> tag and still having no luck with it. Was wondering if any of you could help me figure it out?\n\n​\n\nCode is below\n\n\\-------------------------------------\n\n<!DOCTYPE html>\n\n<html>\n\n​\n\n<head>\n\n​\n\n  <meta charset="utf-8">\n\n  <title>TinDog</title>\n\n​\n\n<!-- Google Fonts -->\n\n  <link rel="preconnect" href="[https://fonts.googleapis.com](https://fonts.googleapis.com)">\n\n  <link rel="preconnect" href="[https://fonts.gstatic.com](https://fonts.gstatic.com)" crossorigin>\n\n  <link\n\nhref="[https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Dancing+Script&family=Imperial+Script&family=Licorice&family=Mea+Culpa&family=Merriweather&family=Montserrat:wght@900&family=Sacramento&family=The+Nautigal&family=Ubuntu&family=Waterfall&display=swap](https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Dancing+Script&family=Imperial+Script&family=Licorice&family=Mea+Culpa&family=Merriweather&family=Montserrat:wght@900&family=Sacramento&family=The+Nautigal&family=Ubuntu&family=Waterfall&display=swap)"\n\nrel="stylesheet">\n\n​\n\n<!-- CSS Stylesheets -->\n\n<link href="[https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.1.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.1.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css)" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-1BmE4kWBq78iYhFldvKuhfTAU6auU8tT94WrHftjDbrCEXSU1oBoqyl2QvZ6jIW3" crossorigin="anonymous">\n\n<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/styles.css">\n\n​\n\n<!-- Font Awesome -->\n\n  <script src="[https://kit.fontawesome.com/cc7d1c67b8.js](https://kit.fontawesome.com/cc7d1c67b8.js)" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>\n\n​\n\n​\n\n</head>\n\n​\n\n<body>\n\n​\n\n  <section id="title">\n\n​\n\n<div class="container-fluid">\n\n​\n\n​\n\n<!-- Nav Bar -->\n\n<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark">\n\n​\n\n<a class="navbar-brand" href="">tindog</a>\n\n​\n\n<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarTogglerDemo01" aria-controls="navbarTogglerDemo01" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">\n\n<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>\n\n</button>\n\n​\n\n<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNavDropdown">\n\n<ul class="navbar-nav ms-auto">\n\n<li class="nav-item">\n\n<a class="nav-link" href="">Contact</a>\n\n</li>\n\n​\n\n<li class="nav-item">\n\n<a class="nav-link" href="">Pricing</a>\n\n</li>\n\n​\n\n<li class="nav-item">\n\n<a class="nav-link" href="">Download</a>\n\n</li>\n\n</ul>\n\n</div>\n\n</nav>\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n<!-- Title -->\n\n<div class="row">\n\n​\n\n​\n\n<div class="col-lg-6">\n\n<h1>Meet new and interesting dogs nearby.</h1>\n\n<button type="button" class="btn btn-dark btn-lg"><i class="fab fa-apple"></i> Download</button>\n\n<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-light btn-lg"><i class="fab fa-google-play"></i> Download</button>\n\n</div>\n\n​\n\n<div class="col-lg-6">\n\n<img src="images/iphone6.png" alt="iphone-mockup">\n\n</div>\n\n​\n\n​\n\n</div>\n\n​\n\n</div>\n\n​\n\n  </section>\n\n​\n\n​\n\n  <!-- Features -->\n\n​\n\n  <section id="features">\n\n​\n\n<h3>Easy to use.</h3>\n\n<p>So easy to use, even your dog could do it.</p>\n\n​\n\n<h3>Elite Clientele</h3>\n\n<p>We have all the dogs, the greatest dogs.</p>\n\n​\n\n<h3>Guaranteed to work.</h3>\n\n<p>Find the love of your dog's life or your money back.</p>\n\n​\n\n  </section>\n\n​\n\n​\n\n  <!-- Testimonials -->\n\n​\n\n  <section id="testimonials">\n\n​\n\n<h2>I no longer have to sniff other dogs for love. I've found the hottest Corgi on TinDog. Woof.</h2>\n\n<img src="images/dog-img.jpg" alt="dog-profile">\n\n<em>Pebbles, New York</em>\n\n​\n\n<!-- <h2 class="testimonial-text">My dog used to be so lonely, but with TinDog's help, they've found the love of their life. I think.</h2>\n\n<img class="testimonial-image" src="images/lady-img.jpg" alt="lady-profile">\n\n<em>Beverly, Illinois</em> -->\n\n​\n\n  </section>\n\n​\n\n​\n\n  <!-- Press -->\n\n​\n\n  <section id="press">\n\n<img src="images/techcrunch.png" alt="tc-logo">\n\n<img src="images/tnw.png" alt="tnw-logo">\n\n<img src="images/bizinsider.png" alt="biz-insider-logo">\n\n<img src="images/mashable.png" alt="mashable-logo">\n\n​\n\n  </section>\n\n​\n\n​\n\n  <!-- Pricing -->\n\n​\n\n  <section id="pricing">\n\n​\n\n<h2>A Plan for Every Dog's Needs</h2>\n\n<p>Simple and affordable price plans for your and your dog.</p>\n\n​\n\n​\n\n<h3>Chihuahua</h3>\n\n<h2>Free</h2>\n\n<p>5 Matches Per Day</p>\n\n<p>10 Messages Per Day</p>\n\n<p>Unlimited App Usage</p>\n\n<button type="button">Sign Up</button>\n\n​\n\n​\n\n<h3>Labrador</h3>\n\n<h2>$49 / mo</h2>\n\n<p>Unlimited Matches</p>\n\n<p>Unlimited Messages</p>\n\n<p>Unlimited App Usage</p>\n\n<button type="button">Sign Up</button>\n\n​\n\n​\n\n<h3>Mastiff</h3>\n\n<h2>$99 / mo</h2>\n\n<p>Pirority Listing</p>\n\n<p>Unlimited Matches</p>\n\n<p>Unlimited Messages</p>\n\n<p>Unlimited App Usage</p>\n\n<button type="button">Sign Up</button>\n\n​\n\n  </section>\n\n​\n\n​\n\n  <!-- Call to Action -->\n\n​\n\n  <section id="cta">\n\n​\n\n<h3>Find the True Love of Your Dog's Life Today.</h3>\n\n<button type="button">Download</button>\n\n<button type="button">Download</button>\n\n​\n\n  </section>\n\n​\n\n​\n\n  <!-- Footer -->\n\n​\n\n  <footer id="footer">\n\n​\n\n<p>© Copyright 2018 TinDog</p>\n\n​\n\n  </footer>\n\n​\n\n​\n\n  <!-- Bootstrap Scripts -->\n\n​\n\n<script src="[https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.1.3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.1.3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js)" integrity="sha384-ka7Sk0Gln4gmtz2MlQnikT1wXgYsOg+OMhuP+IlRH9sENBO0LRn5q+8nbTov4+1p" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>\n\n​\n\n</body>\n\n​\n\n</html>
## 6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Waterfalls should be added to minecraft, specifically as now the wild update (a.k.a 1.19) is arriving, the waterfall should have a lil rare chances of spawning with a secret cave...
##                                                                                                     url
## 1            http://reddit.com/r/nononono/comments/rt16mj/getting_too_close_to_the_edge_of_a_waterfall/
## 2     http://reddit.com/r/WinStupidPrizes/comments/rt15p4/getting_too_close_to_the_edge_of_a_waterfall/
## 3                                     https://www.reddit.com/r/theisle/comments/rtcu08/new_to_the_game/
## 4               https://www.reddit.com/r/PokemonBDSP/comments/rtddj5/help_beating_elite_4_and_champion/
## 5 https://www.reddit.com/r/bootstrap/comments/rtdgha/navbar_collapse_menu_not_responding_bootstrap_513/
## 6            https://www.reddit.com/r/minecraftsuggestions/comments/rtdn5m/add_waterfalls_to_minecraft/
##                                                                         permalink
## 1       /r/longtail/comments/rtc6sn/778132172_getting_too_close_to_the_edge_of_a/
## 2      /r/undelete/comments/rtc6t0/7315148733_getting_too_close_to_the_edge_of_a/
## 3                                     /r/theisle/comments/rtcu08/new_to_the_game/
## 4               /r/PokemonBDSP/comments/rtddj5/help_beating_elite_4_and_champion/
## 5 /r/bootstrap/comments/rtdgha/navbar_collapse_menu_not_responding_bootstrap_513/
## 6            /r/minecraftsuggestions/comments/rtdn5m/add_waterfalls_to_minecraft/
##   score num_comments            subreddit over_18        date_created
## 1     1            0             longtail   FALSE 2022-01-01 00:13:33
## 2     1            0             undelete   FALSE 2022-01-01 00:13:34
## 3     1            0              theisle   FALSE 2022-01-01 00:53:44
## 4     1            1          PokemonBDSP   FALSE 2022-01-01 01:28:25
## 5     1            0            bootstrap   FALSE 2022-01-01 01:33:16
## 6     1            1 minecraftsuggestions   FALSE 2022-01-01 01:45:44

#inspect the subreddits the data were posted too
reddit_data$subreddit

##   [1] "longtail"              "undelete"              "theisle"              
##   [4] "PokemonBDSP"           "bootstrap"             "minecraftsuggestions" 
##   [7] "SubSimGPT2Interactive" "McrOne"                "NatureIsFuckingLit"   
##  [10] "NatureIsFuckingLit"    "shortscarystories"     "McrOne"               
##  [13] "SimbaKingdom"          "TheCrypticCompendium"  "shortscarystories"    
##  [16] "Showerthoughts"        "oddlysatisfying"       "MadeMeSmile"          
##  [19] "McrOne"                "NatureIsFuckingLit"    "ScentsAroma"          
##  [22] "ScentsAroma"           "ScentsAroma"           "Whatcouldgowrong"     
##  [25] "McrOne"                "kelowna"               "McrOne"               
##  [28] "mildlysatisfying"      "itookapicture"         "Gameboy"              
##  [31] "ForzaHorizon"          "CryptoArt"             "overlanding"          
##  [34] "pokemon"               "HalloweenStories"      "TapTitans2"           
##  [37] "Postcovidsymptoms"     "solar"                 "PokemonGOBattleLeague"
##  [40] "KerbalSpaceProgram"    "ColeColleen"           "LegendsOfRuneterra"   
##  [43] "DubaiJobs"             "dubai"                 "pokemontrades"        
##  [46] "beats"                 "nature"                "itookapicture"        
##  [49] "ShadowoftheColossus"   "tipofmytongue"         "natureisbeautiful"    
##  [52] "HawaiiVisitors"        "Yagafanclub"           "Stepmania"            
##  [55] "SonyAlpha"             "itookapicture"         "Sims4"                
##  [58] "dankmemes"             "VictoriaBC"            "letstradepedals"      
##  [61] "MushroomPorn"          "Wholesomenosleep"      "NatureIsFuckingLit"   
##  [64] "tbatenovel"            "ForeverAloneDating"    "Waterfalls"           
##  [67] "nature"                "Outdoors"              "itookapicture"        
##  [70] "OMORI"                 "natureisbeautiful"     "HawaiiVisitors"       
##  [73] "Yagafanclub"           "Stepmania"             "SonyAlpha"            
##  [76] "itookapicture"         "Sims4"                 "dankmemes"            
##  [79] "VictoriaBC"            "letstradepedals"       "MushroomPorn"         
##  [82] "Wholesomenosleep"      "NatureIsFuckingLit"    "tbatenovel"           
##  [85] "ForeverAloneDating"    "Waterfalls"            "nature"               
##  [88] "Outdoors"              "itookapicture"         "OMORI"                
##  [91] "hiking"                "natureisbeautiful"     "Art"                  
##  [94] "Art"                   "FindingFennsGold"      "pokemontrades"        
##  [97] "u_Unfair_Minute_3585"  "LandscapePhotography"  "TWDVR"                
## [100] "DnDGreentext"          "r4r"                   "SMHauto"              
## [103] "AutoNewspaper"         "nosleep"               "McrOne"               
## [106] "Coursemetry"           "Damnthatsinteresting"  "gfaev"                
## [109] "Damnthatsinteresting"  "McrOne"                "CrestedGecko"         
## [112] "KingkillerChronicle"   "BrilliantDiamondSub"   "McrOne"               
## [115] "ubisoft"               "GreenHell"             "fantasywriters"       
## [118] "writingcirclejerk"     "AdvertiseYourVideos"   "FindBacklink"         
## [121] "GetMoreViewsYT"        "PostYourYouTubeVideos" "ShareYoutubeVideos"   
## [124] "YoutubeChannelSharing" "YouTube_startups"      "YoutubersCSGO"        
## [127] "YoutubeShortVideos"    "YouTubeViewsSubs"      "fuseboxgames"         
## [130] "paludarium"            "DestinyTheGame"        "nosleep"              
## [133] "McrOne"                "niagarafallsontario"   "skyrim"               
## [136] "pokemontrades"         "pcmasterrace"          "PokemonEmerald"       
## [139] "PokemonGOBattleLeague" "TheCoolKidsClub"       "DecidingToBeBetter"   
## [142] "pmp"                   "TrendingQuickTVnews"   "Vivarium"             
## [145] "whatsthatbook"         "socalhiking"           "Austin"               
## [148] "woodworking"           "HappyTrees"            "PokemonEmerald"       
## [151] "pokemon"               "Minecraftbuilds"       "Minecraftbuilds"      
## [154] "Waterfalls"            "EarthPorn"             "Minecraftbuilds"      
## [157] "EarthPorn"             "hiking"                "ARK"                  
## [160] "CleaningTips"          "paludarium"            "HeadphoneAdvice"      
## [163] "PokemonBDSP"           "2007scape"             "canon"                
## [166] "ArtDeco"               "Antiques"              "bassfishing"          
## [169] "Fishing"               "eurovision"            "solotravel"           
## [172] "naturephotography"     "iPhoneography"         "naturephotography"    
## [175] "iPhoneography"         "Colombia"              "gopro"                
## [178] "PokemonBDSP"           "newzealand"            "TwoDots"              
## [181] "yuri_jp"               "delhi"                 "RandomActsofCards"    
## [184] "youtubestartups"       "skyrim"                "VinylCollectors"      
## [187] "AnimalCrossing"        "aaDnDforMe"            "skylanders"           
## [190] "tappedout"             "lordhuron"             "RelaxingYoutubeVideos"
## [193] "Relaxing"              "ICARUS"                "relaxation"           
## [196] "playark"               "McrOne"                "CARROTweather"        
## [199] "PanicAttack"           "McrOne"                "SmallYTChannel"       
## [202] "Insta360"              "dungeondraft"          "Ruleshorror"          
## [205] "LibraryofBabel"        "edmprodcirclejerk"     "MusicForConcentration"
## [208] "ImaginaryArchitecture" "McrOne"                "roadtripnewengland"   
## [211] "McrOne"                "SatisfactoryGame"      "pokemon"              
## [214] "NatureIsFuckingLit"    "ZHouse_org"            "interestingasfuck"    
## [217] "UnsentLetters"         "selfpromotion"         "u__tileman"           
## [220] "cyprus"                "McrOne"                "BreakUps"             
## [223] "LINKTrader"            "Chainlink"             "GameTheorists"        
## [226] "SaltLakeCity"          "doomer"                "hiking"               
## [229] "MostBeautiful"         "nationalparks"         "AdvertiseYourVideos"  
## [232] "GetMoreViewsYT"        "YouTube_startups"      "Terrarium"            
## [235] "videos"                "u_dirrtyremixes"       "scenedl"              
## [238] "pics"                  "ShrugLifeSyndicate"    "BarbariansonNetflix"  
## [241] "BarbariansonNetflix"   "starryai"              "itookapicture"        
## [244] "amateurradio"          "oakland"               "BadLifeguard"         
## [247] "Showerthoughts"        "kpopthoughts"          "whereisthis"          
## [250] "itookapicture"         "TheOA"                 "audiomeditation"      
## [253] "NoFeeAC"               "SatisfactoryGame"      "Avoidant"             
## [256] "pokemon"               "audiomeditation"       "OnePiece"             
## [259] "sleep"                 "NatureIsFuckingLit"    "Polestar"             
## [262] "copypasta"             "TheKillers"            "EcoGlobalSurvival"    
## [265] "Fantasy"               "shortscarystories"     "McrOne"               
## [268] "NoStupidQuestions"     "Outdoors"              "McrOne"               
## [271] "Genshin_Impact"        "McrOne"                "u_Tuckplumbing"       
## [274] "VisitingIceland"       "McrOne"                "CharacterRant"        
## [277] "ScarySigns"            "DestinyLore"           "DestinyLore"          
## [280] "u_DONT_READ_THIS_OKAY" "RTLSDR"                "landscaping"          
## [283] "ponds"                 "Wombodream"            "reddeadredemption"    
## [286] "discgolf"              "u_Tuckplumbing"        "moronslookingatthings"
## [289] "woodworking"           "news"                  "piano"                
## [292] "itookapicture"         "gardening"             "PokemonBDSP"          
## [295] "2007scape"             "admincraft"            "iPhoneography"        
## [298] "polls"                 "u_RelaxTones"          "DiscGolfValley"       
## [301] "minecraftseeds"        "piano"                 "interestingasfuck"    
## [304] "interestingasfuck"     "interestingasfuck"     "CurseofStrahd"        
## [307] "VRchat"                "Waterfalls"            "nosleep"              
## [310] "AgonyGame"             "TheMonkeysPaw"         "StonerEngineering"    
## [313] "pmp"                   "NatureIsFuckingLit"    "AutoNewspaper"        
## [316] "u_RelaxTones"          "u_Honest-Interest741"  "PokemonSwordAndShield"
## [319] "skyrim"                "HappyTrees"            "VGC"                  
## [322] "pokemon"               "IttoMains"             "u_Dream_Infer2093"    
## [325] "u_Smooth_Bear5820"     "Undertale"             "McrOne"               
## [328] "Outdoors"              "Drugs"                 "Drugs"                
## [331] "AllAboutNature"        "goodvibes"             "natureisbeautiful"    
## [334] "natureporn"            "MinecraftCommands"     "u_KPAKA_tv"           
## [337] "newzealand"            "Minecraft"             "u_ForkedAgain1"       
## [340] "McrOne"                "videos"                "newzealand"           
## [343] "AnimalCrossing"        "dndstories"            "McrOne"               
## [346] "McrOne"                "HackyPixelz"           "u_Extremazon"         
## [349] "u_mircea5533"          "audiomeditation"       "calmdown"             
## [352] "calmingsounds"         "CalmingVideos"         "cantsleep"            
## [355] "getdisciplined"        "u_tomey007"            "goodvibes"            
## [358] "HealingMusic"          "landscaping"           "natureisbeautiful"    
## [361] "natureporn"            "NatureRelax"           "neature"              
## [364] "palatecleanser"        "PeacefulContent"       "cryptohours"          
## [367] "relaxation"            "NationalPark"          "McrOne"               
## [370] "2007scape"             "DealAndSale"           "AsianGuysSFW"         
## [373] "Naruto"                "itookapicture"         "MostBeautiful"        
## [376] "Yosemite"              "relaxation"            "Relaxing"             
## [379] "RelaxingRoom"          "relaxingvideos"        "RelaxingYoutubeVideos"
## [382] "Selfpromote"           "SleepMusic"            "SlowTV"               
## [385] "stressrelief"          "Sub4Sub"               "YouTube_startups"     
## [388] "YouTubeSubscribeBoost" "pokemon"               "ruralporn"            
## [391] "ScentsAroma"           "NoStupidQuestions"     "Sims4"                
## [394] "whatsthisrock"         "VinylCollectors"       "GiansFavorites"       
## [397] "u_FairSeaweedQ"        "researchchemicals"     "vanmoofbicycle"       
## [400] "entertainment"         "Bumble"                "stunfisk"             
## [403] "FoodVlog"              "Undertale"             "u_Nelly38"            
## [406] "pokemon"               "reactjs"               "halo"                 
## [409] "photocritique"         "submechanophobia"      "frogs"                
## [412] "newhampshire"          "ICARUS"                "SurviveIcarus"        
## [415] "ThatsInsane"           "Plumbing"              "CRPS"                 
## [418] "trees"                 "whatsthatbook"         "FreeWrite"            
## [421] "PokemonBDSP"           "pics"                  "Minecraft"            
## [424] "MakeNewFriendsHere"    "AussieMakeupTrade"     "istanbul"             
## [427] "Outdoors"              "AussieMakeupTrade"     "GODUS"                
## [430] "McrOne"                "paludarium"            "u_neyculro1991"       
## [433] "videos"                "pics"                  "DrCreepensVault"      
## [436] "Aquariums"             "McrOne"                "TikTok_Tits"          
## [439] "Mosses"                "DarkSouls2"            "agile"                
## [442] "videos"                "NatureIsFuckingLit"    "McrOne"               
## [445] "VisitingIceland"       "DMT"                   "China"                
## [448] "itookapicture"         "McrOne"                "PlanetZoo"            
## [451] "u_DONT_READ_THIS_OKAY" "Genshin_Impact"        "RTLSDR"               
## [454] "PlanetZoo"             "scarystories"          "McrOne"               
## [457] "TheSilphArena"         "apexlegends"           "HamRadio"             
## [460] "jewelry"               "orlando"               "LovecraftianWriting"  
## [463] "stayawake"             "McKinney"              "Rolling_Line"         
## [466] "amateurradio"          "SkyrimModsXbox"        "HimachalPradesh"      
## [469] "himalayas"             "travelphotos"          "penspin"              
## [472] "penspinning"           "pokemon"               "itookapicture"        
## [475] "Waterfalls"            "HolUp"                 "pics"                 
## [478] "Finland"               "deepdream"             "u_ChillaxingLlama"    
## [481] "DetailCraft"           "Bishop"                "gaming"               
## [484] "stories"               "Aquariums"             "KerbalSpaceProgram"   
## [487] "pmp"                   "DMAcademy"             "Aquariums"            
## [490] "SuicideWatch"          "weedgrower"            "drawing"              
## [493] "MakeMeSuffer"          "DiscordAdvertising"    "MakeMeSuffer"         
## [496] "assassinscreed"        "pokemon"               "drones"               
## [499] "HydroHomies"           "AnimalCrossingNewHor"  "GamblingAddiction"    
## [502] "centralcalhiking"      "Undertale"             "VGC"                  
## [505] "u_ForkedAgain1"        "RS3Ironmen"            "MysteryDungeon"       
## [508] "Jigsawpuzzles"         "KeepWriting"           "Actualshowerthoughts" 
## [511] "KeepWriting"           "McrOne"                "Minecraft"            
## [514] "BeAmazed"              "gameassets"            "AMA"                  
## [517] "u_Veekends"            "tradinghome"           "McrOne"               
## [520] "tifu"                  "u_ThinExplanation2678" "nosleep"              
## [523] "PhoenixSC"             "aww"                   "aww"                  
## [526] "oddlysatisfying"       "u_Kjohn28"             "McrOne"               
## [529] "FFXV"                  "FluentInFinance"       "wallstreetbets"       
## [532] "wallstreetbets"        "McrOne"                "Waterfalls"           
## [535] "cryptids"              "stunfisk"              "relationship_advice"  
## [538] "u_Indglobal_in"        "forgeofempires"        "McrOne"               
## [541] "Cornell"               "NatureIsFuckingLit"    "apexlegends"          
## [544] "Gilbert"               "Waterfalls"            "ApexVideos"           
## [547] "phoenix"               "OPZuser"               "opz"                  
## [550] "OnePiece"              "babies"                "RainbowEverything"    
## [553] "duck"                  "PersonalBasicIncome"   "BDSPCompetitive"      
## [556] "mademehappycry"        "DrCreepensVault"       "FujifilmX"            
## [559] "u_Saudinews2020"       "MadeMeSmile"           "indepthstories"       
## [562] "u_jackie4CHANsenpai"   "techsupport"           "djimavicmini"         
## [565] "holamoncat"            "TheSilphArena"         "trees"                
## [568] "BabiesReactingToStuff" "u_mangomae"            "BabiesReactingToStuff"
## [571] "Koi"                   "Undertale"             "ScarySigns"           
## [574] "u_InevitableyCannon"   "nosleep"               "DidntKnowIWantedThat" 
## [577] "youseeingthisshit"     "youseeingthisshit"     "u_BeTvOfficiel"       
## [580] "NatureIsFuckingLit"    "UFOs"                  "PokemonBDSP"          
## [583] "gaming"                "reddeadredemption"     "RedDeadOnline"        
## [586] "PS4"                   "shittyaskscience"      "projectmanagement"    
## [589] "MadeMeSmile"           "neverallowedtopost"    "wow"                  
## [592] "Deltarune"             "NextTopModelPhotos"    "aww"                  
## [595] "BabiesReactingToStuff" "KerbalSpaceProgram"    "DiscoverEarth"        
## [598] "u_Honest-Interest741"  "CryptidsRoostsDungeon" "TearsOfThemis"        
## [601] "PokemonTCG"            "cryosleep"             "u_Mr_StingJr"

From inspecting the data we can see that quite a lot of these posts were not to subreddits relevant for landscape scale studies. Instead lets check out a specific subreddit of interest: “r/EarthPorn”. Lets take a quick look at posts to EarthPorn, by returning all posts there for one day.

reddit_data <- reddit_search(subreddit = "EarthPorn",
                             start_date = "2022-01-01",
                             end_date = "2022-01-02")

## ================================================================================

#inspect data
head(reddit_data)[-1] 

##   created_utc
## 1  1641013416
## 2  1641013684
## 3  1641013969
## 4  1641015625
## 5  1641018605
## 6  1641023043
##                                                                                        title
## 1                                                             [OC] Kalaloch Beach Washington
## 2                                        Kalaloch Beach #4, Washington State [4624x3468 [OC]
## 3                                                    Monument Valley Sunset [OC] [4032x3024]
## 4                                 Wai-o-Tapu Thermal Wonderland, Rotorua NZ [OC] [3557x2645]
## 5 Angeles National Forest during some much needed rain in Los Angeles, CA (3024 x 4032) [OC]
## 6                                                     https://allmylinks.com/chebet-pinkie11
##   selftext                                 url
## 1                    https://imgur.com/G124cct
## 2                    https://imgur.com/34GrNNy
## 3          https://i.redd.it/gk01yp8if0981.jpg
## 4          https://i.redd.it/zd8udz6gk0981.jpg
## 5              https://i.imgur.com/AdC2FZo.jpg
## 6          https://i.redd.it/wzo7mafi61981.jpg
##                                                                       permalink
## 1                    /r/EarthPorn/comments/rtc0to/oc_kalaloch_beach_washington/
## 2  /r/EarthPorn/comments/rtc3er/kalaloch_beach_4_washington_state_4624x3468_oc/
## 3             /r/EarthPorn/comments/rtc6dc/monument_valley_sunset_oc_4032x3024/
## 4       /r/EarthPorn/comments/rtcmbu/waiotapu_thermal_wonderland_rotorua_nz_oc/
## 5 /r/EarthPorn/comments/rtdefy/angeles_national_forest_during_some_much_needed/
## 6                /r/EarthPorn/comments/rtehl6/httpsallmylinkscomchebetpinkie11/
##   score num_comments subreddit over_18        date_created
## 1     1            1 EarthPorn   FALSE 2022-01-01 00:03:36
## 2     1            1 EarthPorn   FALSE 2022-01-01 00:08:04
## 3     1            1 EarthPorn   FALSE 2022-01-01 00:12:49
## 4     1            1 EarthPorn   FALSE 2022-01-01 00:40:25
## 5     1            1 EarthPorn   FALSE 2022-01-01 01:30:05
## 6     1            1 EarthPorn   FALSE 2022-01-01 02:44:03

Now posts to this subreddit should all be photographs. One neat thing we can do with this is download the images for further inspection or analysis. In the next line of code everyone will download a random image from the returned data set to have a look at. First, everyone will generate a random number between 1 and the number of images returned. We will then use that number to downloaded the image in that row number.

#this code says, generate a random number, between 1, and the maximum number of rows in our data
number <- sample(1:nrow(reddit_data), 1)

#here we select the URL of the image that we want to download
file_url <- reddit_data$url[number]

#here we download the file and save it in your current working directory with the name earthporn.jpg
download.file(file_url, 'earthporn.jpg', mode = 'wb') 

When downloading images, please check back with the original post to ensure you are not infringing on any copyright or privacy policy. To ensure we aren’t doing that we can just delete the photograph for now.

file.remove('earthporn.jpg')

It is also possible to search for a specific term within a subreddit. Here, I am going to search for images in EarthPorn with the text, “Wales”.

reddit_data <- reddit_search(search_term = "wales",
                             subreddit = "EarthPorn",
                             start_date = "2020-01-01",
                             end_date = "2022-01-01") 

## ================================================================================

#inspect data
head(reddit_data)[-1] 

##   created_utc                                                   title selftext
## 1  1577889369             Llyn Fawr Reservoir, Wales [3733x5000] [OC]         
## 2  1577947859 Green Bridge of Wales, Pembrokeshire [OC] [2981 x 3971]         
## 3  1578237766          Aberglaslyn, Snowdonia, Wales [OC] [4023x2268]         
## 4  1578268529                         Snowdonia, Wales 6016x4016 [OC]         
## 5  1578323000                                   Snowden, Wales The Uk         
## 6  1578405099 [OC] Rock Formation, Ogmore on Sea, Wales, UK [576x432]         
##                                   url
## 1 https://i.redd.it/8m5iy7wgh6841.jpg
## 2 https://i.redd.it/4f6pc5ulbb841.jpg
## 3 https://i.redd.it/8ao8wu7n9z841.jpg
## 4 https://i.redd.it/p6evrrf4t1941.jpg
## 5 https://i.redd.it/fou487k1b6941.jpg
## 6           https://imgur.com/5z2ce6Z
##                                                                          permalink
## 1             /r/EarthPorn/comments/eiixk2/llyn_fawr_reservoir_wales_3733x5000_oc/
## 2 /r/EarthPorn/comments/eiust9/green_bridge_of_wales_pembrokeshire_oc_2981_x_3971/
## 3           /r/EarthPorn/comments/ekeab1/aberglaslyn_snowdonia_wales_oc_4023x2268/
## 4                       /r/EarthPorn/comments/eklbv3/snowdonia_wales_6016x4016_oc/
## 5                               /r/EarthPorn/comments/ekv8xn/snowden_wales_the_uk/
## 6   /r/EarthPorn/comments/elbtdi/oc_rock_formation_ogmore_on_sea_wales_uk_576x432/
##   score num_comments subreddit over_18        date_created
## 1     1            2 EarthPorn   FALSE 2020-01-01 09:36:09
## 2     1            3 EarthPorn   FALSE 2020-01-02 01:50:59
## 3    10            1 EarthPorn   FALSE 2020-01-05 10:22:46
## 4     1            1 EarthPorn   FALSE 2020-01-05 18:55:29
## 5     1            1 EarthPorn   FALSE 2020-01-06 10:03:20
## 6     1            0 EarthPorn   FALSE 2020-01-07 08:51:39

Challenge 2: Searching Reddit for recreational activity and an environmental feature.

Your next challenge is to search Reddit for posts containing information about a recreational activity and a an environmental feature (e.g., trees, rivers, birds). You can do this two ways, first but searching for two separate search terms at the same time using the c() function, e.g., search_term = c("term1", "term2). We can also use the same method as above, searching for a specific term within a subreddit e.g., [the hiking subreddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/hiking/. Below I have posted some short examples:

reddit_data <- reddit_search(search_term = c("hiking", "trees"),
                             start_date = "2022-01-01",
                             end_date = "2022-01-02") %>% 
  subset(over_18 == "FALSE") #remove over 18 content


reddit_data <- reddit_search(search_term = "mountain",
                             subreddit = "fishing",
                             start_date = "2022-01-01",
                             end_date = "2022-03-01") %>% 
  subset(over_18 == "FALSE") #remove over 18 content


reddit_data <- reddit_search(search_term = c("lake", "bird"),
                             subreddit = "hiking",
                             start_date = "2021-01-01",
                             end_date = "2022-01-01") %>% 
  subset(over_18 == "FALSE") #remove over 18 content

Mapping social interactions

Here we are going to use some functions from the RedditExtractor package. RedditExtractor has a function called get_reddit which provides similar functionality to the reddit_search() we just used from photosearcher. The get_reddit() function returns data in a slightly different way, which may not be user friendly, however the function has the added ability to specify a minimum number of comments. Using this additional variable we can find posts that have a large number of comments and therefore discussion around landscape or ecological features. Unfortunately, an update to the package got rid of this function so we will have to download an older version to access this feature.

#needed for mac users
install.packages(c('devtools','curl'),
                 repos = "http://cran.us.r-project.org") 

## Installing packages into 'C:/Users/n_fox/Documents/R/win-library/4.1'
## (as 'lib' is unspecified)

## package 'devtools' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## package 'curl' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked

## Warning: cannot remove prior installation of package 'curl'

## Warning in file.copy(savedcopy, lib, recursive = TRUE): problem copying C:
## \Users\n_fox\Documents\R\win-library\4.1\00LOCK\curl\libs\x64\curl.dll to C:
## \Users\n_fox\Documents\R\win-library\4.1\curl\libs\x64\curl.dll: Permission
## denied

## Warning: restored 'curl'

## 
## The downloaded binary packages are in
##  C:\Users\n_fox\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpyGwv8C\downloaded_packages

require(devtools)

## Loading required package: devtools

## Loading required package: usethis

install_version("RedditExtractoR", version = "2.1.5", repos = "http://cran.us.r-project.org")

## Downloading package from url: http://cran.us.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/RedditExtractoR/RedditExtractoR_2.1.5.tar.gz

## vctrs    (0.3.8  -> 0.4.1) [CRAN]
## cli      (3.1.0  -> 3.2.0) [CRAN]
## magrittr (2.0.2  -> 2.0.3) [CRAN]
## igraph   (1.2.11 -> 1.3.0) [CRAN]

## Installing 4 packages: vctrs, cli, magrittr, igraph

## Installing packages into 'C:/Users/n_fox/Documents/R/win-library/4.1'
## (as 'lib' is unspecified)

## Warning in i.p(...): installation of package 'cli' had non-zero exit status

## Warning in i.p(...): installation of package 'magrittr' had non-zero exit status

## Warning in i.p(...): installation of package 'vctrs' had non-zero exit status

## Warning in i.p(...): installation of package 'igraph' had non-zero exit status

## Installing package into 'C:/Users/n_fox/Documents/R/win-library/4.1'
## (as 'lib' is unspecified)

library("RedditExtractoR")

Here we use this older code to return posts discussing the grand canyon from EarthPorn with more than 500 comments. Feel free to change this to any search that you are interested in!

reddit_content <- get_reddit(
  search_terms = "Grand Canyon",
  subreddit = "EarthPorn",
  cn_threshold = 500
)

## 
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Once we have this data stored we can generate network maps of interactions between users.

#large networks take long to generate so here we take the first 200 comments
reddit_content <- reddit_content[1:500,] 

#extract the information needed for the plot
user <- user_network(reddit_content, 
                     include_author = FALSE, 
                     agg = TRUE)

#plot the network
user$plot

In the advanced method section we will go over sentiment analysis and look a bit deeper about what information we can get from textual data.